The Civil Analyst

It was the 3 rd Conference of Parties (COP 3) of United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) , which was held in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997, when more than 150 nations negotiated the first international legally binding treaty usually referred as the Kyoto Protocol, to control and reduce emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). It was the most significant environmental accord ever adopted to reduce the emission of six major greenhouse gases, namely: «   Carbon dioxide «   Methane «   Nitrous oxide «   Hydroflurocarbons «   Perflurocarbons & «   Sulphur hexafluoride. It came into force on 16 February 2005 after required number of at least 55 countries ratified it and directed 37 industrialized countries and the European Community to cut their GHGs emission up to 5.2% measured against 1992 levels over a period of five years (2008-2012), the first commitment period. The protocol is ratified by 192 parties with notable exception of the United State

According to World Health Organisation (WHO) Air Pollution report, contaminated air has led to rise in global health crisis, resulting in around seven million deaths per year. The report also highlighted that out of ten most polluted cities in the world, India has nine. Delhi NCR is the most polluted capital city in the world. In India, air pollution is the leading cause of around 12.5% deaths every year, most of them are children under the age of five. The report specially mentioned the grave situation of air pollution in the country. Government of India is committed to reduce the problem of air pollution in the country and initiated various programmes such as National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), Graded Action Response Programme (GRAP), SAFAR, Smog Towers, and many more. India is also committed to the Nationally Determined Commitment under the Paris Agreement of 2015 COP 21.   The Bharat Stage (BS) emission norms Indian government instituted the BS emission standards to regul

Plastics are one of the greatest discovery of man-kind. It has changed the way we consume anything. Our lives are so much dependent on plastics that we can’t imagine living without them. It is extremely useful product and at the same time our greatest woe. Plastics are petroleum based products made up of identical chemical subunits, known as monomers , that are linked together to form long chains. Plastics have become part of our daily life in a manner that it is very difficult to visualise our modern life without them. Due to plastics durability and non-biodegradable nature, disposal of it has become a great challenge. Around nine billion tons of plastics have produced in world since the1950s. 165 million tons of it have already entered the oceans and nearly nine million tons of plastic flows into the oceans every year (Please refer for more The Ocean Cleanup . A very less percentage of it gets recycled and rest of it pollutes the environment or enters the landfills where it can ta

Plastics are here, there, everywhere! Plastics are in our homes, in our schools, colleges, offices, restaurants, trash cans, in our food (yes, you must have heard of micro plastics ) in our oceans.   Our oceans are filled with huge amount of plastic trash, here huge means insanely huge which is a very serious problem. Each year, around 8 million metric tonnes of plastic make their way into the oceans. Presently, oceans are polluted with around 5 trillion tons of plastic waste (estimated figure which can be even more). Most of the plastics are carried into the oceans by river channels. Marine life often confuse plastic for prey, that proves to be potentially deadly for animals, while others get trapped in the discarded fishing nets or “ Ghost gear ”. On the top of this, ocean plastic contains toxic chemicals which enters into food chain and ultimately affects human health. Scientists have assumed that there will be more plastic in oceans than marine life by 2050. Great Pacific Garba

The prolonged lockdown in most of the countries in the wake of COVID 19 has shown some good news as well. Experts from various news agencies and research institutions have reported that that the global air pollution level has declined in the period of lockdown. Though the COVID 19 has impacted the global economies negatively, but the environmental impacts is positive. Why world environment day is celebrated? The first major conference to address environmental issues, was held in the year 1972 from June 5-16 in Stockholm (Sweden) under the auspices of United Nation. Also known as the “Conference on the Human Environment” or “ Stockholm Conference ”. Its objective was to preserve and enhance the human environment. Later that year, June 5 was designated as World Environment Day by “United Nation General Assembly” (UNGA), and led to the formation of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) . Since the year 1974, this day has bee