The Civil Analyst

The international trade of wildlife is estimated to be worth of billions of dollars, including hundreds of millions of plant and animal specimens. This trade ranges from live animals and plants to a vast array of wildlife products derived from them, including food products, exotic leather goods, wooden musical instruments, timber, tourist curios and medicines. Such a high level of exploitation and trade of some animal and plant species with various other factors such as habitat loss or destruction leads to severe depletion of their populations and even gets them close to extinction. While many wildlife species in trade are not endangered, but there is a need for an agreement to ensure the trade sustainability in order to maintain these resources for the future (You may also interested in Bonn Convention ). CITES CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora), also known as the Washington Convention is an international agreement between go

CGN-89564-2 is another name of Flavr Savr TM tomato, the first genetically modified (GM) crop which was granted a license by the U.S. Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA) for human consumption in 1992. Subsequently, there has been a global rapid acceptance of GM crops to fulfil the ever rising demand for food and fodder. It is very important that the biotechnology must be developed with appropriate safety measures as it has great potential to improve human well-being. Taking into account the safety of biological diversity, Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted on 29 January 2000 in Montreal, Canada as a supplementary agreement under the United Nations Convention of BiologicalDiversity (UNCBD) and entered into force on 11 September 2003.  (There is one more supplementary agreement under UNCBD that is the Nagoya Protocol on Access andBenefit-Sharing .) It was named in honour of Cartagena, Colombia, where negotiations were anticipated to accomplish in February 1999.   It is a legally

The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization, often known as the “ Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing” is an international supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The three objectives of the CBD are conservation, sustainable use, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of biological diversity and the traditional knowledge related with them. The third one is the foremost objective to the convention and is essential for the accomplishment of the first two as the benefits arising from utilisation of biological diversity would turn as enticement for the biodiverse countries and their local communities to conserve and sustainably use their biodiversity.  To achieve the implementation of the third objective, Nagoya protocol was adopted during 10 th Conference of Parties (COP) to the CBD on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan, entering

It was United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) , an organisation under United Nations realized that we should focus on to conserve and sustainable use of biodiversity, as we are intimately connected with it and today it is on the verge of loss. During United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED ) , also known as the Earth Summit in 1992 , UNEP presented a draft-agreement (adopted at Nairobi Conference , May 1992) for biodiversity and convinced various countries to sign it. This international agreement adopted at the Earth Summit to protect biodiversity across the world is known as “ Convention on Biological Diversity .” CBD is a legally binding multilateral treaty that entered into force on 29 December 1993 and provides a global legal framework that covers all aspects of biodiversity: ecosystems, species and genetic resources. It is the first international law which recognized that conservation and protection of biodiversity is the common concern of humankind